Bodhgaya

Rajgir

Rajgir had more of these landmarks than other centers: Venuvana, the bamboo brake where the Buddha and his disciples lived; Karnada Tank, where the Buddha used to bathe; Jivakamarvana, the orchard presented to the Buddha by the physician Jivaka; Griddakuta Hill (the hill of vultures) from where the Buddha delivered his sermons and the Sattapani Cave, where the First Buddhist Council was convened. The first Buddhist structures at Rajgir were raised when Ajatsatni built a monastery, and a stupa over his share of the Buddha's ashes. That reliquary is now a mound

used as a graveyard. Treading the paths which the Buddha took is becoming a pilgrimage for world peace. The Japanese much later have built the World Peace Stupa, with its gilded images of the Buddha.Adjacent to the hilltop wherethe Buddha used to deliver sermons, the stupa is visible for miles around. Access is by an aerial rope-way. The association of Buddhism with peace goes back to 250 B.C. when Emperor Asoka became a convert to it out of revulsion at the carnage in his conquest of Kalinga.

Rajgir also has the Nipponzan Myohoji, the Japanese temple, and the Centaur Hokke Club which offers some traditional facilities to Japanese pilgrims. The Burmese, too, have built a temple.There are also hot springs at Rajgir, around which Hindu and Jain temples have been built.

By Air:The nearest airport is at Gaya, 34 km away.

By Rail:The nearest railhead is at Gaya, 34 km away.

By Road:Rajgir is connected by road to : Patna 102 km, Nalanda 12 km, Gaya 34 km, Pawapuri 38 km, Bihar Sharif 25 km.

Nalanda

The site of Nalanda was one of the greatest monastic universities of the ancient world. Established in the 5th century B.C. it remained a live center of learning till the 12th century A.D. when it was destroyed by the invader Bakhtiar Khilji. Lord Mahavira and the Buddha both taught here for years. Hsuan Tsang. the Chinese traveler studied here in the 7th century A.D. and there is a monument in his memory. He was one amongst many of those from East and Southeast Asia who came here to study logic, meta-physics, medicine, prose composition and rhetoric.

The university of Nalanda offered Nalanda free educational and residential facilities to as many as 10,000 students and 2000 teachers, for it was supported by a number of villages. Its library, Ratna Sagar, is believed to have contained nine million volumes. It is not surprising, then, that the destruction of this university dealt a crippling blow toBuddhist education in India.

Excavations have revealed nine levels of occupation. Spread over 15 hectares stand the ruins of six temples, eleven monasteries, the Sariputra Stupa built by Asoka to honor the Buddha's first disciple, Ananda, and scattered chaityas or prayer halls. Sculptures, bas reliefs and frescoes are still to be seen amongst theruins. In 1951 an international center for Buddhist studies was founded. Another mordern institution is the Nava Nalanda Mahavir Research Centre treasuring many rare manuscripts. There is also a museum and a Thai Temple.

Vaishali

In Vaisali (which is also the birthplace of Lord Mahavira) there are the ruins of two stupas which were built to commemorate the Second Buddhist Council. The impressive Lion Capital was raised by Asoka to commemorate the Buddha's last sermon. There are also Jain temples and a museum.

By Air:The nearest airport is Patna, 56 km away.

By Rail:Hajipur on the North Eastern Railway is the nearest station, 35 km away.

By Road:Vaisali is connected by road to Patna (55 km), Muzaffarpur (36 km), and Hajipur (35 km).